In fine particle form, slag cement displays cementitious qualities similar to those of ordinary portland cement opc. The quantity of supplementary cementitious materials scm should not exceed one of the following. Sca member companies supply over 95 percent of the slag cement in the u. On its own, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs hardens very slowly and, for use in concrete, it needs to be activated by combining it with portland cement. Four different concrete mixes have been designed by substituting 25% of the weight of the cement with slag obtained from four different ladle furnaces in spain. Page 2 blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate part i properties of blast furnace slag our natural aggregates, such as stone and gravel of suitable quality for concrete making, are rapidly becoming depleted in many localities. Slag cement, cem iiib, durability, chloride diffusion. The primary ingredient of slag cement is granulated blast furnace slag gbfs that is ground to a fine powder. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing gbfs is slag from the iron production in basic oxygen furnaces.
Acl is one of the leading cement manufacturing companies in india and commenced cement production in 1986. Pdf the properties of slag cement and its influence on. Technical issues related to the use of fly ash and slag during the latefall low temperature construction season introduction current indot specifications section 501. The leaching of pahs of the remaining three types of specimens differed from 0. Slag and cement can buildup or adhere to the walls of a confined space. Ambuja cements history ambuja cements information the.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. We promote the increased use and acceptance of these products by coordinating the resources of member companies. A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20 and 80 % are commonly used. Concrete with slag cement will have a slower rate of strength gain than concrete made with 100 percent portland cement. Although portland blastfurnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the. The proportion of slag cement used is usually dictated by requirements for strength, durability, time of set, heat generation. Longterm behaviour of fly ash and slag cement grouts for. Lafargeholcim in the us cement, concrete, aggregates. According to aci 116, blended cements consist essentially of an intimate and uniform blend of a number of different materials.
Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. The results of chemical analysis determined according to astm standard c311 12 are shown in table 1. Note 1the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate ingredient in concrete or mortar mixtures. Pdf the properties of slag cement and its influence on the. You may not feel pain or the severity of the burn until hours after the exposure. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement. Through our extensive distribution system, newcem is available for blending with conventional portland cement at the concrete plant to produce highquality, durable concrete. At first, the minerals in cement clinker react with water and generate calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate, calcium ferrite hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The results confirm that the use of iron slag overcome the pollution problems in the environment. Hardened blended cement pastes were prepared from each cement blend by. The first recorded production in the us of blended cement containing both slag and portland cement was in 1896.
Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Discomfort or pain cannot be relied upon to alert a person to a serious injury. The influence of slag content on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of high volumes of slag concrete cement. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, chapter 3. Duracrete were merged to derive exponents for prediction of chloride. Up to 15% by mass of ground copper slag was used as a portland cement replacement.
The effect of ground copper slag gcs on the strength and fracture of cement based materials is studied. Pdf properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete. The properties of cement during hydration vary according to. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Slag cement, previously known as groundgranulated blastfurnace slag \. In concrete, slag cement may be proportioned from 20 to 80 percent depending on the application. Technical issues related to the use of fly ash and slag. Slag cement is a recovered material from the iron production process, thus reducing the environmental impact of concrete mixtures. Pdf a ground blastfurnace granulated slag used in the production of construction materials and items differs in its chemical composition, dispersion. Slag has cementitious properties similar to portland cement. Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf effect of slag cement on drying shrinkage of concrete. Click here to download a listing of member company sales offices, arranged by state.
Guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. In this paper, the compressive strength of the iron slag concrete was studied. Hydration mechanisms of supersulphated slag cement. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag cement ggbs, a byproduct in steel manufacture, has been used to improve concrete strength development during accelerated curing but poses a challenge of. Pdf compressive strength of high volume slag cement. The blast furnace slag cement was much less expensive than the special cement. The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. Jis for blast furnace slag cement was first developed in 1950, in which the content of blast furnace slag was specified to be approximately 70% or less. As a world leader in the building materials industry, lafargeholcim ltd and its subsidiaries have the assets necessary to meet the building and design challenges of todays increasing urbanization. One such promising material is the industrial byproduct ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, which is known to have. Evaluation of portland cement concrete pavement with high.
Gbfs is said to increase durability of concrete due to an increased setting time, which reduces. Two major uses of ggbs 2 are in the production of qualityimproved slag cement, namely portland blast furnace cement pbfc and high slag blastfurnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete. It is substituted for portland cement on a onetoone basis by mass. In 1955, blast furnace slag cement was classified into a, b, and c according to the content of blast furnace slag. Slag cement is a byproduct of the ironmaking process and is composed primarily of silica and calcium.
In 1862, a granulation process was proposed to facilitate removal and. Astm c989 09 standard specification for slag cement for. Concrete properties comparison when substituting a 25%. Because this investigation is part of a project studying the use of concrete with land. Pdf characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Lehigh slag cement product description lehigh slag cement conforms to astm c989aashto m 302 standard specifications for slag cement as a constituent in concrete and mortars and csa a3001 cementitious material for use in concrete. The hydration reaction forms a gellike material called calcium silicate hydrate. The potential exists for static buildup and static. The use of slag cement as a cementitious material dates back to 1774, when a mortar was made using slag cement in combination with slaked lime mather 1957. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician. The slag or cement can release, collapse or fall unexpectedly. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Blending 10% extra iron slag to a cement composed of 49% iron slag, 43% calcined lime, and 8% steel slag kept the compressive strength of concrete above standard values for type i ordinary portand.
In c219, slag cement is defined as a blend of granulated blastfurnace slag and hydrated lime in which the slag constituent is more than a specified minimum. Blast furnace slag cement manufacture, properties and uses. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. In 2006, global cement major holcim, acquired management control of the company.
Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunction with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or. Initially called gujarat ambuja cements ltd, the company later became ambuja cements ltd. Slag cement concrete the dutch experience statens vegvesen. Slag cement helps reduce permeability, sulfate attack, and alkalisilica reaction creating a longer lasting and more resilient concrete. Blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate mf 1638 a. Blast furnace slag cement has come to be widely employed, mainly in civil engineering structures, because of its high longterm strength and excellent resistance to the alkalisilica reaction and salt damage. The properties of slag cement and its influence on the structure of the hardened cement paste article pdf available in procedia engineering 150. When this slag is actively cooled and ground, gbfs is produced, which can be utilised as a cement or concrete addition. The sca is proud to promote the use of slag cement to ready mix producers and industry professionals who understand the durable and sustainable benefits of slag cement.
Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Skyway slag cement plant located in chicago, illinois to eagle materials inc. The use of blast furnace slag article pdf available in metalurgija sisak then zagreb 514. The material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c595c595m or as a separate ingredient in concrete or mortar mixtures. When mixed with water and portland cement the traditional way that slag cement is used, the concrete sets and hardens into a solid monolithic mass. Concrete plays a vital role in the development of infrastructure viz. Concrete made with the slag blend cement met the demanding requirements for this project these including high compressive strength, high durability. Parameters influencing the initial setting time of alkaliactivated. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. Benefits of slag cement in concrete october 28, 2015. Chemical composition degree of fineness it is possible to manufacture different types of cement by changing the percentages of their raw materials. Most concrete made with slag cement will have less. Hydration mechanisms of activated blast furnace slag dora 4ri.
Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete. In the event of any complaints or symptoms, avoid further exposure. It is also a kind of cement that helps save resources. A spectacular addition to the interstate 90 corridor, the headquarters features many sustainable construction materials that contributed to leed certification, including the newcem slag cement and true lite lightweight aggregate used in the 59,000 cubic yards of highperformance concrete for the structures foundation, floors and. Slag cement can therefore be substituted for opc in a wide range of equal mass replacement ratios.
Study of strength properties of concrete by partial. The slag cement association is the leading source of knowledge on blastfurnace slagbased cementitious products. The hydration process of slag cement is more complicated than portland cement. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. Find slag cement material availability and supply is an important factor to the timeline and budget of any project. Slag cement also called ground granulated blast furnace slag is a hydraulic cement produced during the reduction of iron ore to iron in a blast furnace. Cements composition, types finish up cement manufacture properties of component phases types of cements chapter 2 properties of concrete neville chapter 6 concrete. Pdf partial replacement of copper slag as fine aggregate. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement.
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